Pigmentation: From Causes to Prevention and Treatment, Explained by a Dermatologist
Hello. I am Lee Sang-soo, a dermatologist. Many people have pigmentation on their bodies. Today, we will learn more about the causes, treatments, and prevention methods for pigmentation.
Pigmentation is More Common in Asians, Are Genetic Factors Involved?
Generally, pigmentation does not occur easily in Westerners, but it is known to occur frequently in Asians. Especially among Asians, there are skin types that are genetically or constitutionally prone to pigmentation. Having fair skin does not mean that pigmentation will not occur easily; in fact, if there is a family history, pigmentation is often more likely to occur.
Types of Pigmentation: Physiological vs. Post-inflammatory
Pigmentation can be broadly divided into physiological pigmentation and pigmentation caused by a disease.
- Physiological Pigmentation: This refers to pigmentation that occurs in areas with severe friction and frequent movement, such as the elbows, knees, armpits, and groin.
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: The medical term for this is 'post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation'. It can be caused by skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, which involves inflammation, or by injuries, acne, etc.
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation shows various patterns depending on the cause. Generally, pigmentation caused by dermatitis often remains as a slightly brownish color on the surface, while pigmentation caused by deep wounds that seem to peel off shows a deeper pattern. Pigmentation due to acne is characterized by a reddish-brown color appearing together, as it simultaneously possesses the characteristics of inflammation and early scarring.
Pigmentation: Treatment Varies by Depth
Pigmentation may look similar to the naked eye, but its depth varies depending on the cause. It can occur in the outermost layer, the stratum corneum, or in the epidermal layer, or even deeper in the dermal layer. Therefore, to treat pigmentation, an appropriate treatment method must be selected according to its depth.
Shallow Pigmentation in the Stratum Corneum and Epidermis
For pigmentation located in the stratum corneum or shallow epidermal layer on the outside of the skin, methods such as Scaling or peeling can be helpful. If it is in the epidermal layer, melanin cells are activated, so applying whitening agents can also treat pigmentation.
Laser Treatment for Deep Pigmentation
Pigmentation located deeper in the epidermal layer or in the dermal layer requires the help of lasers.
Representative lasers include the following:
- Q-switched Nd:YAG laser
- Pico laser
- Picosecond laser
- Fractional laser
To successfully treat pigmentation, it is important to receive treatment from medical staff who are skilled in various lasers and have extensive experience, as this can enhance the treatment effect.
Lifestyle Habits for Pigmentation Prevention
Pigmentation often originates from inflammation, so it is most important to treat inflammation quickly if it occurs. If you have a wound, or your skin is red, itchy, or painful, it is important to visit a hospital and receive appropriate treatment.
In addition, the following are ways to prevent and manage pigmentation in daily life:
- UV Protection: UV rays can worsen pigmentation. It is advisable to diligently apply sunscreen and cover the affected area with a parasol or clothing.
- Sufficient Moisturizing: Dry skin can activate melanin cells. It is helpful to frequently and consistently apply an appropriate moisturizer.
Today, we have looked at the causes, treatments, and prevention methods for pigmentation. If you have any additional questions, please consult with medical staff.